- Soviets had a big boom, but they they went down....and eventually ceased to exist.
-end of the Cold War meant the end of the Soviet Union
-Marxism was a focus on the lower/working class
-WWI showed that capitalists did not know how to maintain peace
-Wilson's 14 points
Section 2:
-Lenin's position was an extension of Marx's
- Wilson's own countrymen failed to join his creating (the League of Nations)
-US and the other remaining democracies made little effort to prevent Japanese aggression in Manchuria
-Stalin carried out a Rev. (by collectivizing agriculture, and purging those who opposed him).
-Power of government had expanded under F.D.R.
Section 3:
-US attitude change
-Pearl Harbor shattered the feeling that distance created security
-Hitler declared war on the US four days after Pearl Harbor
-The leaders had different ideas (contest of ideas), the ideas were stated in three speeches
-"There are, in short, two worlds instead of one"
Section 4:
-Both of the ideologies were meant to offer hope
-However, the USSR had come to depend on fear
-Stalin purged those who opposed him
-"a culture of brutality within the Soviet Union"
-Stalin's objective was retribution
-When one of Stalin's East European satellites threatened independence he dealt with the leaders in the same way he handled the people in his own country
Section 5:
- America had to show that communism suppressed freedom, and capitalism could sustain freedom
- New goal in 1947: keep the industrial-military facilities of former advisories from falling under the rule of the USSR
-underlying basis of US gov. is hope (not fear)
-Marshall plan came in, jump start European economies= restore self confidence, prosperity, and social peace by democratic means
-Lenin's gov came down to a "system that perverted reason, smothered trust, and functioned by fear- but now they competed with capitalism"
Section 6:
-Cannot separate communism and Stalin
-There were a few people who tried to separate the two
-Creation of East and West Germany
-The first man who tried to separate the two got himself killed
Section 7:
- Khrushchev was the next person who tried to separate the two
-He wanted the USSR to admit its mistakes and errors, including Stalin's crimes, pulled down the facade
-He was fundamentally humane, and sincere
-Created problems for the international communist movement
-Polish took the lesson to heart... released political prisoners and removed Stalinists from positions of authority
-Led to riots, to stop them the Poles re instated Gomulka (without Khrushchevs ok)
- Khrushchev threatened to send troops
-Hungarians then mounted a rebellion (against the Soviet Union herself)
-Pressure from Mao made Khrushchev go in and crush the rebellion (worked)
Section 8:
-China played an important role
-Stalin showed Mao how to consolidate a communist revolution
-Mao had a different belief than Stalin. He believed peasants were the proletariat.
-Mao added to his industrialization and collectivization
-Mao's Great Leap Forward was a huge disaster
Section 9:
-Rest of the World not aware of what was going on in China
-Only the Cold War could have separated a city (Berlin)
-West Berlin was vulnerable, but East Berlin had its own vulnerabilities
-Lots of East Germans fled to West Germany (big problem for the Soviets)
-The Berlin Wall (1956(start building)-1989 (fall)) began as a barbed wire barrier, it then a concrete wall went up
-showed the failures of the communist system
Section 10:
-Other side of the wall capitalism was succeeding
-The capitalists would not fight against each other (Stalin was wrong)
-Unemployment, in West Germany, almost disappeared
-The Capitalists learned from history. They made mistakes, but correct them
-Human costs (USSR) were more horrendous than their economic failures
-Sign that went up on an E. Germany factory, after the fall of the wall, "to the workers of the world: I am sorry"
-Few examples in history where greater misery resulted from better intentions
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